Period+One8000+BCE+to+600+CE

ADRIE: 14. Which of the following statements is true about Buddhism and Christianity? a. Followers of both religions pray and make sacrifices. b. Each is tied closely to the teachings of an individual and rose in response to an established religion. c. Most early Buddhist converts came from lower-classes, while early Christians found converts among upper classes.
 * Correct Answer:** B. Both Buddhism and Christianity are tied closely to the teachings of an individual and rose in response to an established religion. Buddhism was founded upon the teachings of Gautama Buddha (563 BCE - 483 BCE) who experienced an "enlightenment" in which he created the Four Nobel Truths. Buddhism is based upon his teachings on living a balanced and pure lifestyle in order to obtain enlightenment or dharma. It was from his teachings that Buddhism was formed. Christianity originated from the figure of Jesus Christ (4 CE - 30 CE), a Jew from Nazareth. Jesus went through the eastern Roman Empire preeching beatitudes and teachings from the Jewish faith, however, he deviated from Judiasm by laying claim to being the Messiah. Those who chose to recognize him as the messiah, or son of God, became Christians and founded their own religion away from Judiasm incorporating the life of Jesus into their own holy book, the Bible.
 * Incorrect Answer:** A. Buddhism and Christianity do not share the commonality of prayer and sacrifice. In Buddhism, while it is recognized that Buddha made great sacrifices in leaving his princely life to persue the life of spiritual enlightenment, sacrifice is not practiced regularly by Buddhist adherants. Monks may lead humble lifestyles, however, ritual sacrifice is not encouraged or required of practicioners as it is in Christianity (for example, the time of Lent).

SOPHIE: 6.) During the Han Period a. Confucianism became very influential b. China saw an end to the Warring States Period c. the Mandate of Heaven was first to legitimize rule d. the majority of people lived in the western portion of China e. laws were written down and rights for men and women guaranteed
 * Correct Answer: A** During the Han Period, Confucianism became very influential, notably in the political traditions of China. Although during the both the Qin and the Han periods, an alternate system of political thought called Legalism sprang up, it did not capture the widespread approval that Confucianism did. Legalists were in favor of an authoritarian state that ruled by force, believing that human nature required restraint and discipline. However, Confucianism set out to rectify political disorder, through an emphasis on the individual virtuous behavior of both the ruler and the ruled. Therefore, the various elements of Confucianism, including a taste of ritual, self-control, and polite manners spread among the Chinese people. As a result, Confucianism built its own system of links among many levels of authority that came to characterize larger Chinese politics at its best.
 * Incorrect Answer: C** The political concept of the Mandate of Heaven has been pivotal in Chinese political thinking and organization, and remained a key justification for Chinese imperial rule throughout the Zhou Dynasty. With what was known as The Sons of Heaven, who were the emperors that lived in a world of awe-inspiring pomp and ceremony, The Zhou dynasty was able to heighten the focus on central government itself. The Zhou dynasty, had basically legitimized their rule by family connections to divine power. The Han rulers however, retained the centralized government administration of the Qin but sought to reduce the brutal repression of that period. The very activist government rounded out China's basic political and intellectual structure. Under the Han Dynasty, the workings of the state bureaucracy improved and the government was linked to formal training that emphasized the values of Confucian philosophy.

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B) Political legitimacy in Egypt and Mesopotamia came from the belief that the leaders descended from the gods.=====

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C) Egypt’s spent far more money on buildings and structures to legitimize their rule than Mesopotamia.=====

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Correct Answer: B) The Mesopotamians believed their kings and queens were descended from the City of Gods, as did The Egyptian Pharaohs. Both were revered and honored but, unlike the ancient Egyptians, Mesopotamians never believed their kings were real gods. However, the political legitimacy of both Egypt and Mesopotamia still was directly linked to the fact that they were decedents of the Gods.=====

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Incorrect Answer: E) Women in Egypt, unlike in Mesopotamia, were treated the best out of any ancient civilization. They could become Pharaohs and were regarded equal in the eyes of the law. Unlike in Mesopotamia across its history became more and more patriarchal society. The men were far more powerful than the women.=====

Rachel: 7. Which of the following is accurate about the nature of Greece and early Rome? a. Woman in ancient Greece were far less restrained politically and legally than woman in Rome b. The rich soil of the Greek homeland was able to sustain a much larger population than was possible in the Roman Homeland. c. Romans extended citizenship to conquered peoples, while the Greeks were hesitant to share such privilages with outsiders. d. When they came into contact with the Romans, Greeks adopted their religious rituals and major deities as their own. e. Democracy practiced in Athens was far more inclusive than that of the Roman Republic, in which wealthy males had much of the power. correct answer: (c) Romans extended citizenship to conquered peoples, while the Greeks were hesitant to share such privelages with outsiders. The near neighbors that were conquered by the Roman Empire were given full citizenship. Other further conquered people were able to gain citizenship except the right to vote. And other more distant countries became self-governing allies who supplied the Roman Empire with troops in time of war. wrong answer: (a) woman in ancient Greece were far less restrained politically and legally than women in Rome. The women in ancient Greece, in most of the city-states, had very few rights. They were almost completely under the control of either their father, husband, or male relative for their entire lives. As well, the women in Greece had no role at all in politics

Michael Kim 13. Which of the following was true of the Roman and Han Empires?

WRONG A. The Roman Empire relied on agriculture as the main source of wealth while Han China was far more urban. The Han dynasty did not have a society that was “far more urban”, although their trade focused on luxury items from the upper class as well as wheat and rice exchange through trade. In the agricultural side, they also developed a new collar for draft animals which allowed them to pull plows in the fields without them choking. They had better tools and more diverse seeds which helped them support more families in smaller amount of land. Their agricultural technologies helped the Han dynasty increase their population in the country-side and the advanced technology of classical china did not move the Chinese society from their primary reliance of agriculture. China’s strong structure on agriculture helped greatly on the expansion of their cities and manufactures. In Rome many farmers that owned their lands had exiled from their property and joined the lower-class urban society. In much of Rome, their soil conditions were not ideal for farming or to grow grains. Growing grapes and olives were ideal for their soils although it took at least five years for it to bear any fruits, therefore, the farmers debts were significantly high. The major role of the lifestyles of upper-class people in the urban areas were because of their luxury products made by artists and craft workers. B. The Roman Empire had a professional military while Han leaders relied on peasants to serve as farmers and soldiers C. Ancestor Worship was important to citizens of both empires, and the family served as the model for each state. D. Opportunities for social mobility in Chine were far greater than in Rome

CORRECT E. Both empires built roads to provide military and economic advantages and to connect a network of cities and towns. The Han Empire and the Roman Empire both made roads to benefit them in military and in economic advances. The Han Empire expanded their territory to Korea, Indo China, and Central Asia with their military domination which later helped them gain connections with other regions. The Han Dynasty gained direct contact with India and the Parthian Empire in the Middle East, through which trade with the Roman Empire was well known. The Roman Empire made roads within the Roman Empire which made it much easier for the army and traders to get from one place to another. Road networks were built to coordinate trade at sea and for their vast networks, they drew maps. The powerful army of the Han Empire was focused on expanding their borders as well as protecting and securing the Silk Road.

Naomi Dorsey 8. The first Christians in the Roman Empire (A) were persecuted because Roman officials viewed their refusal to worship the emperor as a sign of disloyalty (B) were encouraged to spread the teachings of Jesus throughout the empire (C) found most converts among the middle and upper classes of society, who were the first to tire of the authoritarian rule of the emperors (D) lacked leadership and a clear mission in the century after the death of Jesus (E) were responsible for causing the "third century crisis," which would nearly destroy the empire

Correct Answer: A. The first Christians in the Roman Empire were persecuted because Roman officials viewed their refusal to worship the emperor as a sign of disloyalty. Christians in Rome were regarded with suspicion and were easy targets for emperors looking for scapegoats. This persecution can be seen in the empire when Nero blamed the Christians for the burning of Rome in 64 C.E, and as a result they were persecuted. Two prominent Christian leaders during the time, Peter and Paul, were also killed by Nero. Many other Roman emperors, including Valerian and Diocletian, also saw that Christians were persecuted and even killed. Only when Constantine came to power did the persecuting of Christians cease for a time. Christians in the Roman Empire were persecuted largely because they refused to abandon their beliefs, even if it meant saving their own lives. Incorrect Answer: D. On the contrary to lacking leadership and a clear mission in the century after the death of Jesus, Christianity spread to communities across the Roman Empire. While Jesus had died, his apostles still lived and were vigorously spreading Christianity throughout the empire. Apostles like Paul traveled across the Roman Empire, preaching in large and prominent cities. His audiences were largely the poor people of the cities, who found hope in his message of Christianity. With the help of the apostles and faithful followers, Christianity quickly spread across the Roman Empire even after the death of Jesus.

Derek Spier The unifying nature of islam is exemplified by all the following except A.The concept of Umma B.The dictate that the Quran be read and understood in Arabic C.The five pillars D. A muslim empire unified under one caliph from 600 to 1450 E.the cities of the muslim Empire, where a new convert could easily learn muslim practices

The answer is D because the Muslim empire broke down around the 800's so it could not have been unified until 1450. Also, the empire passed from different rulers twice. Immigration from educated foreigners weakened the state until it was taked over and put into the hands of a new emperor. C is a wrong answer because Islam does have five pillars these pillars represent what a person dedicated to ismam must do throught his lifetime in order to follow the religion. Some of these include praying multiple times a day, a pilgrimage to mecca and other values defined by the religion. The muslim Empire was not strong politically. External ideas weakened the state, changing the ruling class over time.

Tyler Munyon  Agriculture.. Correct answer is B All of the following were effects of the Agricultural Revolution except the fact that early farming settlements were contaminated with human waste and often ravaged by disease. Before the agricultural revolution, people were mostly nomadic and to be able to sustain them and their families, the men would go out and hunt for food in the wilderness. Once the supply or animal population that was being consumed was depleted, the people had to find a new area to find a food source, creating great difficulties for them and often death because of the harsh conditions they had to travel. Therefore, those who were farmers had a much better life than those who were hunters/ gatherers because they did not have to move their homes as much and could always have a food source to depend on. When there was drought, natural disasters, or unexpected and unfortunate circumstances, those who were sedentary had an advantage because they had the ability to preserve their food, and even at the beginning of agriculture, people still had a more balanced and healthy diet than those who relied solely on being meat and random plants they found along their way. It is also logical to believe that since the people who were at the beginning of the Agricultural Revolution began believing in Gods represented by the elements, because their crops require water and appropriate conditions. Life for those who lived a sedentary life was much easier than that of the ones who gathered. Hunting was not an especially simple task, it took hard, long and loads of concentration to accomplish, and there was a large chance of being unsuccessful at the end of the day and have nothing to eat until next time, and all they could really do was hope for luck. Gathering was not the best method to feed the population, often times there was nothing to be gathered, even at the most popular spots that seemed to have been flourishing before. Both hunting and gathering were activities that eventually, if not quickly, would get run down. There were so many variables when it came to hunting that it was impossible for the people of that time to predict or coordinate how they were going to live off it. Technology was obviously not very advanced and people were living on only the basics, so gathering was also not the most successful activity, finding the correct herbs, spices and edible plants was as hard as going out and finding and killing an animal to eat. When the Agricultural Revolution came along, living definitely became much easier for everyone, no longer having to hunt and gather was a big relief and the people could now focus on more important issues such as health and other advancements. With food at their disposal at any time, people made great leaps forward and it brought us to the society we are at today.